Butt -Weld Pipe Fittings
Butt Weld Fittings
Butt Weld Fittings

Pob Tawb Weld Fittings

Name: Tuam Tshoj Customized Butt Pipe Fittings Chaw tsim tshuaj paus Hoobkas - Ua nyob rau hauv Suav teb - OCTAL yeeb nkab
Brand: OCTAL
SKU: 283328885

Cov Qauv: ASME B16.9, ASTM A234 (carbon / alloy), ASTM A403 (stainless), EN 10253
Khoom siv: Carbon Steel, Alloy Steel, Stainless Hlau, Duplex / Super Duplex
Qhov Loj: ½ "- 48"
Phab ntsa Thickness: SCH 5 - SCH XXS
Hom: Lub luj tshib (45 degree, 90 degree, 180 degree), Tees, Reducers, Caps, Crosses, Stub Ends
Xaus: Beveled xaus (tus qauv), Plain xaus muaj
Kev kho cua sov: Normalized, Annealed, Quenched & Tempered, Solution Annealed
Kev Ntsuas & QA: Dimensional checks, NDT (UT, MT, PT, RT), Hydrostatic
Daim ntaub ntawv: Roj & Roj, Tshuaj, Hluav Taws Xob, Kev Kho Dej, Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob

Xa kev nug

Khoom Taw qhia

Butt weld fittingsyog weld-end Cheebtsam (lub luj tshib, tees, reducers, caps, stub ends) siv los tsim tag nrho -kev nkag welded pob qij txha ntawm cov txheej txheem thiab cov kab sib kis. Tus nqi khoom tseem ceeb ntawmtaub qab weld fittingsyog qhov seem rov ua dua-center-rau- kawg, bevel geometry, thiab teem caij sib dhos-yog li kev vuam, NDT, thiab commissioning tuaj yeem ua raws li ITP yam tsis haum- rov ua dua. Octal Pipe khoom siv ASME / ASTM / EN raws li cov khoom siv nrog cov ntaub ntawv kho cua sov, NDT xaiv, thiab traceable MTC rau qhov project tso tawm

Octal Tubetsim khoomtaub qab weld yeeb nkab fittingsrau roj & roj, petrochemical, fais fab, thiab dej tej yaam num. Peb tsim DN15-DN1200 hauvcarbon hlau (ASTM A234 WPB / WPC, P235GH), hlau alloy (ASTM A234 WP11 / WP22, P91 / P92), thiab stainless hlau (ASTM A403 WP304 / 304L / 316 / 316L), nrog ib lub peev xwm ntawm 10,000 tons.

Production & Quality Control:

Tsim thiab ua kom sov- kho kom muaj zog thiab kav ntev
Dimensional checks siv calipers, micrometers, thiab gauges los xyuas kom meej haum
UT (ultrasonic) soj ntsuam rau weld zoo, nrog100% ntawm welds txheeb xyuas qhov teeb meem -dawb
Kev soj ntsuam cov khoom siv nrog spectrometers thiab cov tshuab ntsuas tshuab los xyuas cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov khoom siv tshuab

Kev pab txhawb nqa muaj xws li:

Xaiv cov khoom tsim nyog thiab lub sijhawm rau siab -siab lossis corrosive ib puag ncig
Kev tawm tswv yim txog kev siv vuam thiab kev teeb tsa kom ua haujlwm zoo thiab ua haujlwm ntev

Peb cov fittings tau siv rau hauv EPC cov haujlwm thoob plaws Middle East, Africa, thiab Asmeskas, ua tau raws li ASME, ASTM, thiab ISO cov qauv, thiab xa mus rau cov sijhawm teem sijhawm.

butt weld pipe fittings ASME B169 size 12 to 48 inch chrome moly boiler pipe ASTM A335 P11

Standards & Khoom Qib

Yam khoom	Yam khoom (Octal Pipe)
Cov qauv	ASME B16.9, ASTM A234 / A403, EN 10253 (ntxiv rau MSS SP-43 qhov tsim nyog) (Octal Pipe Co., Ltd.)
Khoom siv	Carbon / alloy / stainless; Duplex ntawm kev thov (Octal Pipe Co., Ltd.)
Qhov ntau thiab tsawg	1/2 "-48" (DN15-DN1200) (Octal Pipe Co., Ltd.)
Phab ntsa (seem)	SCH 5 to XXS (Octal Pipe Co., Ltd.)
Hom	45/90/180 luj tshib, tees, reducers, caps, crosses, stub kawg (Octal Pipe Co., Ltd.)
Xaus	Beveled kawg tus qauv; Plain xaus muaj (Octal Pipe Co., Ltd.)
QA xaiv	Dimensional checks + UT/MT/PT/RT ib ITP; Hydro / pneumatic ntawm kev thov (Octal Pipe Co., Ltd.)

Loj: ½ "- 48"

Phab ntsa thicknesses: SCH 5 txog SCH XXS

Xaus: Beveled (standard), Plain Ends (tshwj xeeb)

Tau tshaj flanges, li qub, thiab cov kav dej hauv kev sib xyaw ua ke

Hom Butt Weld Fittings

Haum hom	Common variants (dab tsi hu tawm)	Dab tsi nws siv rau ntawm qhov chaw (cov ntsiab lus ua haujlwm sab hauv)	Cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob rov ua haujlwm dua
Lub luj tshib	45℃/ 90℃/ 180 degree; LR (1.5D)vsSR (1.0D)	Txoj kev ncig racks, sleepers, skids; khaws txoj kab nqes / ntws ntawm cov txheej txheem thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob	Paub meejLR vs SR, NPS/SCH (los yog OD × WT), thiab bevel ib tus qauv kom haum -up tsis tas yuav sib tsoo
Tees	Sib npaug tee / Txo tee	Ceg tawm headers rau cov cuab yeej / cov cuab yeej khi-ins; fabricated spool ceg	Qhia kom meej ceg loj; paub meejceg teem caijthiab tolerances ces ceg mismatch tsis qhib hauv paus qhov sib txawv
Reducers	Concentric / Eccentric (pav- ntawm- sab saum toj / tiaj tus- ntawm - hauv qab)	Concentric rau kab ntsug; eccentric rau lub twj tso kua mis suction thiab ntws khiav	Xeevkev taw qhia(FOT / FOB) + lub sijhawm hloov pauv los tiv thaiv huab cua hauv hnab ris lossis nqes nqes
Caps	Standard cap; hnyav phab ntsa / siab cap	Kaw cov yeeb nkab kawg rau hydrotest blinds, tuag-kawg, yav tom ntej khi-ins	Match cap raucev teem; paub meej tias qhov kawg prep yog li lub kaus mom tsis dhau los ua nyias -rau -tick weld teeb meem
Hla	Sib npaug / txo tus ntoo khaub lig (tsawg dua)	Compact manifolds thiab ntsuas coj- tawm thaum qhov chaw nruj	Paub meej tias qhov ua tau: crosses rhiab rau qhov ntev ntawm qhov siab ntev - feem ntau zoo dua los siv ob lub tees tshwj tsis yog spec yuav tsum tau hla
Stub Ends / Lap Joints	Luv / ntev qauvstub xaus; siv nrog lap -joint flange	Nquag tu spools, lined yeeb nkab txuas, cov tswv yim tiv thaiv corrosion	Hu tawmqauv, ntsej muag ntev, thiab mating flange tus qauv yog li ntsia liaj qhov rooj -nce thiab gasket zaum yog kwv yees

butt weld pipe fitting cap product image butt weld pipe fittings tee product close-up display

Butt Weld Fittings Manufacturing Txheej txheem (Factory Sequence)

Forging (forging / kub nias):qhov haum dawb paug yog tsim rau hauv lub luj tshib / tee / txo cov duab. Cov kauj ruam no feem ntau txiav txim siab txog qhov sib xws ntawm phab ntsa thiab cov duab geometry, uas yog vim li cas nws cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev haum- mus rautaub qab weld yeeb nkab fittings.
Txiav & shaping:cov tsim dawb paug yog trimmed thiab profiled rau lub hom phiaj qhov ntev (piv txwv li, nruab nrab - rau - kawg thiab tag nrho ntev). Kev ua kom zoo ib yam ua rau kev tsim cov spool tuaj yeem rov ua dua -tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ntawm kev ua haujlwm skid nrog ntau cov pob qij txha rov ua dua.
Beveling & kawg npaj:weld xaus yog machined rau qhov yuav tsum tau bevel profile thiab kawg squareness. Stable kawg prep pab welders tuav lub hauv paus mob zoo ib yam; nws ua tau ntau rhiab heev thaumtaub qab weld tube fittingsraug txiav txim los ntawm OD × WT thiab nruj haum - yuav tsum tau nce.
Kev kho cua sov (los ntawm cov khoom siv qib):normalizing / annealing / daws annealing yog siv raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ntawm cov khoom thiab tus qauv. Raustainless hlau taub qab weld yeeb nkab fittings, kev kho cua sov kom raug yog ib feem ntawm kev tso tawm rau kev weldability thiab kev ua raws li cov khoom siv.
Surface finishing + kawg tso tawm:stainless fittings feem ntau yog pickled / ntxuav, ces qhov ntau yog tshuaj xyuas, cim, thiab tso tawm nrog traceable ntaub ntawv (MTC / ntau daim ntawv qhia) yog li cov zaub mov xa tuaj tau txais raws li kev tswj.taub qab weld fittings, tsis sib tov xoob pieces.

Kev Tshawb Fawb & Kev Pov Hwm Zoo

Octal Pipe tswj hwm ntau yam - theem kev tswj kom zoo los ntawm cov khoom siv raw mus rau kev ua tiav:

QC cov khoom	Qhov peb kuaj	Kev tswj hwm / lees txais tus lej neeg yuav khoom siv	Yam koj tau txais hauv pob tso tawm
Chemistry Verification (PMI/OES)	Qib kev lees paub los tiv thaiv kev sib tov-ups (esp. 304L/316L)	100% cua sov- theempov thawj; rau kev sib xyaw- qib xaj ntau tus neeg yuav khoom xav tau100% PMI PIB	PMI/OES daim ntawv qhia + tshav kub / ntau daim ntawv qhia
Mechanical xeem	Tensile / tawm los / elongation (ib lub tshav kub / ntau)	1 set rau cua sov(los yog ib qho ntau) raws li hauv paus; xeem ntxiv rau ITP rau lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb	MTC + lab test report
Billet / lub cev UT (laminations)	Internal soundness ua ntej / tom qab tsim	Feem ntau teev raws li100% UT scanningrau qhov tseem ceeb fittings lossis phab ntsa hnyav	UT daim ntawv tshaj tawm nrog cov peev txheej + kev lees paub
Dimensional tswj	OD/ID, WT, ovality, center -to-end	Yam khoom tswj:ovality Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 1.0% ntawm OD; WT tsis nyob rau hauv nominal los ntawm> 12.5%(txoj cai yam tsawg kawg nkaus); Center-mus rau-kuaj kawg ntawm B16.9/EN 10253	Daim ntawv tshuaj xyuas qhov ntev (ntau-raws li)
Bevel & kawg prep	Bevel lub kaum sab xis / hauv paus ntsej muag / squareness	Cov hauv paus bevel (ASME B16.25 style):37.5℃± 2.5 degree; hauv paus ntsej muag feem ntau~ 1.6 hli (1/16 ")(qhov project yuav nruj); kawg squareness feem ntau tswj rauTsawg dua los yog sib npaug li 1.0 mm	Xaus -cov ntaub ntawv tshuaj xyuas npaj + duab ntawm kev thov
Kev kho cua sov tswj	Normalizing / annealing / daws annealing (raws li muaj)	Rauv traceability nrog tswj lub voj voog; ntau tus tswv nugkub kab kos ib batchthiab hardness xyuas qhov twg yuav tsum tau	Thaum tshav kub kub- daim ntawv kho mob / cov ntaub ntawv + daim ntawv qhia hardness (yog tias tau teev tseg)
Kev kuaj saum npoo	Folds, laps, tawg, inclusions	100% pom; rau stainless "huv nto" kev cia siab yog feem ntau sau rau hauv PO (tsis muaj embedded nplai, tsis muaj ntse npoo / burrs)	Daim ntawv tshuaj ntsuam xyuas pom
NDT (ib cov khoom siv & ITP)	MT / PT / UT / RT raws li xav tau	Hom ITP qauv:100% MT / PTntawm qhov chaw tseem ceeb;RT 10-100%tsuas yog thaum welded fittings tau muab / thaum ITP hu nws	NDT ceeb toom nrog kev pab them nqi + cov txiaj ntsig
Kev ntsuas siab / xau (thaum xav tau)	Hydro / pneumatic	Yog tias tau teev tseg: hydro feem ntau1.5 × tsim siab; tuav sij hawm ntau zausNtau tshaj lossis sib npaug li 30-120 s(ITP-txhais tau)	Daim ntawv tshaj tawm (siab / tuav / sijhawm / ntau)

Technical Advantage

ruaj khov siab - ntim tawm:Octal Yeeb Nkab khiav ntau txoj kab hauv xyoo-ib puag ncig kom cov khoom ruaj khov rau cov pob EPC ntau ntau - lub luj tshib, tees, reducers, thiab kaus mom- yam tsis tau tsim lub sij hawm siab ntawm qhov chaw.
Repeatable haum-zoo dua:Cov txheej txheem tswj xyuas tsom mus rau qhov ntev welders tiag tiag hauv daim teb -phab ntsa thickness uniformity, ovality tswj, thiab zoo ib yam bevel geometry-yog li pob tw weld yeeb nkab fittings ua kom huv si nrog cov yeeb nkab kawg thiab txo kev sib tsoo / rov ua haujlwm thaum vuam.
Inline kawg-prep sib xws (bevel raws li kev tswj cov zis):Hloov chaw kho beveling raws li "kawg-feeb" kauj ruam, Octal Pipe siv lub siab kawg -fab / beveling chaw nres tsheb nrog lub kaum sab xis / av checks, ua kom bevel profile zoo ib yam thoob plaws ntau ntau-yog li cov hauv paus hniav nyob ruaj khov thaum RT/UT-tsav weld txais.
Kev tsim + cua sov- kev qhuab qhia kev kho mob ntawm kab theem:Lub luj tshib / tees / reducers yog tsim los ntawm kev tswj txoj hauv kev thiab sib tw tshav kub- kev kho cov voj voog (normalizing/annealing/solution annealing by grade), nrog rau batch traceability khaws cia los ntawm txhua qhov chaw nres tsheb- yog li cov khoom siv kho tshuab thiab kev sib txuas tau rov ua dua, tsis yog nyob ntawm tus neeg siv khoom.
Kev txhawb nqa engineering uas tiv thaiv kev txiav txim yuam kev:Ua ntej xa khoom xa tuaj, Octal Pipe tuaj yeem tshuaj xyuas isometrics / MTOs kom paub meej tias LR / SR, concentric vs eccentric orientation, teem caij hloov, thiab xaus -cov kev xav tau npaj ua ntej- zam "yam tsis raug cai" ncua sij hawm uas feem ntau tsuas yog nyob ntawm qhov haum- nce.
Export-npaj kev tiv thaiv:Kev ntsuas tus qauv, kev tiv thaiv kawg, thiab pob khoom / crate packing khaws bevels thiab sealing ntsej muag tiv thaiv thaum tuav, yog li fittings tuaj txog npaj tau txais kev kuaj xyuas thiab vuam es tsis yog kov- ua haujlwm.

180℃return bend butt weld fitting for piping system butt weld reducing tee ASTM A234 WPB reducing branch

Butt Weld Fittings "Fit-Up Risk Map" (Pib vs Tube vs Stainless)

Butt weld fittings (cov pob hauv paus yeeb nkab):

Hauvtaub qab weld yeeb nkab fittings, lub ntsiab tswj qhov chaw yogteem caij sib tw- qhov haum yuav tsum phim cov yeeb nkab OD/WT tsev neeg yog li tus welder tsis raug yuam kom "ua kom haum" los ntawm kev sib tsoo cov hauv paus av los yog qhib qhov sib txawv. Ntawm Octal Pipe tej pob khoom, peb ib txwm lees paubNPS + lub sijhawm (los yog OD × WT)thiab xauv tus qauv haum (piv txwv li, B16.9) yog li nruab nrab- mus rau -kawg thiab bevel geometry nyob ib puag ncig ntawm lub spool khiav.

Butt weld tube fittings (tube OD mismatch txaus ntshai):

Butt weld tube fittingsnyob qhov twg tej yaam num poob lub sij hawm vim "loj lo lus" yuav nkaum txawv OD systems. Tube-raws li BOMs feem ntau haisOD × WT ncaj qha, thaum cov yeeb nkab-raws li BOMs sivNPE/SCH-thiab qhov tsis sib haum me me dhau los ua qhov haum loj- teeb meem thaum muaj ntau cov pob qij txha yog orbital-welded los yog prefabricated ntawm skids. Cov tswv yim kho yog yooj yim: kho cov raj fittings liOD-tswj cov khoomthiab qhia cov mating raj OD tus qauv (thiab pes tsawg OD × WT) hauv PO, tsis yog qhov loj me xwb.

Stainless hlau taub qab vuam yeeb nkab fittings (tso kev pheej hmoo tsis yog qib xwb):

Raustainless hlau taub qab weld yeeb nkab fittings, qhov ua tsis tau zoo tsis yog "tsis ncaj ncees lawm 316L"- nws tso tawm thiab tsim kev xav tsis thoob: qhov xwm txheej ntawm qhov chaw uas stains thaum lub sijhawm khaws cia, cua sov- cuam tshuam cov teeb meem uas cuam tshuam rau vuam, thiab sib xyaw- ntau traceability uas qeeb tau txais kev soj ntsuam. Octal Yeeb Nkab ua kom tsis muaj qhov haum tso tawm kev tshuaj xyuas- tus phooj ywg los ntawm kev ua raws li PO rauQib clarity (304L / 316L)ntxivkev ua tiav / ntxuav kev cia siab, thiab shipping nrogntau daim ntawv qhia (kos npe → MTC)yog li fittings tuaj yeem ua theem los ntawm cua sov thiab qhov loj me yam tsis muaj rov- txheeb rau hauv pem teb khw.

Daim ntawv thov / Cov xwm txheej ua haujlwm (qhov twg Butt Weld Fittings tau siv tiag)

Kaw khi-ins ntawm kab nyob racking (brownfield revamps):

Cov neeg ua haujlwm feem ntau txiav hauv90℃LR luj tshib + txo teesmus rau reroute nyob ib ncig ntawm kev txhawb nqa, ntxiv cov cuab yeej coj -offs, los yog khi ib tug tshiab skid rau hauv ib tug header uas twb muaj lawm thaum lub sij hawm luv luv qhov rais. Qhov kev sib tw "tiag tiag" yog haum - nce nrawm - yogcenter-rau-endlos yog bevel tsis sib haum, welders xaus rau kev sib tsoo av / hauv paus qhov sib txawv, thiab kev sib koom ua ke nyuaj dhau RT / UT. Ntawm Octal Pipe tej pob khoom, peb feem ntau theem fittings los ntawmISO kab lis kev cai(loj / teem caij / cov khoom siv), yog li pab pawg vuam tuaj yeem xaiv lub luj tshib / tee teeb rau ib lub spool yam tsis muaj phab ntsa sib xyaw.

Pipe spool prefabrication rau modular skids (rov ua dua welds, nruj tolerances):

Skid khws khiav ntau pua rov sib txuas -concentric reducers, caps, tees, thiab luv -lub luj tshib- qhov twg ib lub sijhawm tsis ncaj ncees tuaj yeem ua rau rov ua haujlwm thoob plaws ib pawg. Hauv kev xyaum, qhov kev pheej hmoo yog "nyias-rau- tuab" kev hloov pauv uas yuam kev hloov pauv nruab nrab- khiav thiab ua haujlwm qeeb. Octal Yeeb Nkab txhawb nqa skid fabrication los ntawm aligning PO rauNPS/SCH (los yog OD × WT)thiab xa cov fittings nrog cov cim meej thiab ntau ntau -mapped tso pob, yog li cov spools nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm thawj weld mus rau qhov kawg hydrotest.

Pump suction / drainable process khiav (kev taw qhia-sensitive fittings):

Hauv cov twj tso kua mis thiab cov txheej txheem,eccentric reducersyog siv tshwj xeeb kom tsis txhob muaj huab cua hauv hnab ris thiab tuav ruaj khov suction-feem ntautiaj tus - ntawm - sab saum toj (FOT)ntawm kab rov tav suction kab, thiab taw qhia reducers / tees yog siv los ua kom ntws qhov chaw. Qhov kev mob ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis yog "tus reducer muaj," nws yog tias tus reducer tuaj txog yam tsis muaj kev taw qhia, yog li pab pawg ua haujlwm tig nws tsis ncaj ncees lawm thiab tom qab ntawd chases vibration / cavitation los yog kua dej. Octal Pipe feem ntau lees paub qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom txo qis kev taw qhia (FOT / FOB) thaum lub sij hawm quoting los tiv thaiv qhov chaw uas tsis tuaj yeem kho.

High-kub siv hluav taws xob headers (steam, heat-transfer, heater connections):

Cov pob ntawv no vam khom ntau rau ntawm cov reducers, tees, thiab lub luj tshib uas yuav tsum ua kom haum cov yeeb nkab cov sij hawm thiab cov cua sov- kev kho mob. Kev soj ntsuam tsom feem ntau yogcov ntaub ntawv traceability + tshav kub-cov pov thawj kho mob + NDT qhovvim tias cov tswv tsis xav tau cov khoom siv tsis muaj ntaub ntawv tau nruab rau ntawm lub taub hau uas yuav ua rau lub voj voog thermally rau xyoo. Octal Yeeb Nkab feem ntau xa cov hlau txuas nrog ntau cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj uas tau kos rau cov cim kom tus tswv tshuaj xyuas tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov khoom tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus tuav.

Hu rau tam sim no

FAQ

Q: Butt weld fittings vs butt weld pipe fittings vs butt weld tube fittings - Dab tsi yog qhov txawv?

A:Hauv feem ntau specifications,taub qab weld yeeb nkab fittingsyog loj los ntawmNPS/DN + sij hawm(OD yog kho rau txhua NPS, phab ntsa yog tsav los ntawm lub sijhawm).Butt weld tube fittingsyog qhov loj ntawm covtiag tube OD + phab ntsa, yog li "2 inch raj" tsis yog tib hom lus li "NPS 2 yeeb nkab." Yog tias koj daim ntawv teev npe yog tubing (instrumentation/sanitary/mechanical tubing), PO yuav tsum haisraj OD + phab ntsa + txheemkom tsis txhob haum -ua tsis sib haum.

Q: Dab tsi bevel ua pob tw weld yeeb nkab fittings ib txwm tuaj nrog (thiab dab tsi yuav tsum tau kuaj ua ntej haum-up)?

A:Txheem pob tw-weld end prep feem ntau ua raws liASME B16.25: a 37.5℃± 2.5 degreebevel kaum sab xis (ib sab) nrog ib tug raughauv paus ntsej muag (av) nyob ib ncig ntawm 1.6 ± 0.8 mm(Qhov ntev sib txawv ntawm qhov kawg style). Ntawm qhov chaw, qhov ceev tshaj plaws "tiv thaiv rework" checks yogbevel kaum + av sib xws + kawg squareness, vim hais tias cov tsav hauv paus mob thiab RT / UT lees txais ntawm thawj kis.

Q: Yuav ua li cas nyias B16.9 haum yuav muab piv nrog cov yeeb nkab teem caij (phab ntsa -thickness tswj)?

A:RauASME B16.9taub qab- vuam fittings, tus qauv hu tawm aQhov tsawg kawg nkaus phab ntsa thickness ntawm 87.5%(tshwj tsis yog tus neeg yuav khoom qhia txog qhov sib txawv). Xyaum, yog vim li cas cov neeg yuav khoom yuav tsum qhia meejloj + teem caij + standard, thiab rau qhov tseem ceeb spools ntxiv ib daim ntawv raukawg - cheeb tsam thickness tswj(qhov twg OD / ID ua raws cai yuav xav tau cov thickness hauv zos).

Q: Rau stainless hlau taub qab vuam yeeb nkab fittings, dab tsi yuav tsum tau qhia kom tsis txhob yuam kev - qib tawm (304L vs 316L)?

A:Qhia qhovASTM A403/A403Mqib qhia meej (piv txwv li,WP304L / WP316L) thiab xav taumarking + tshav kub / ntau traceabilityyog li tau txais kev soj ntsuam tuaj yeem phim haum → MTC → tshav kub. ASME B16.9 kos npe suav nrog cov khoom xws likev txheeb xyuas cov neeg tsim khoom, kev txheeb xyuas cov khoom, thiab qhov loj me; rau mix-qib tej yaam num, ntxivPMI cov cai(piv txwv li, PMI ib qhov cua sov-ntau lossis 100% ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb raug xaiv). Hauv Octal Pipe muab pob khoom, PMI cov ntawv ceeb toom thiab cua sov-ntau daim ntawv qhia tuaj yeem suav nrog MTC teeb tsa thaum thov.